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Housed in a sphere smaller than a ping-pong ball, the eye is a complete optical system that transforms light into the images we see. Our eyes work as “live cameras” for the brain, gathering up and processing images far better than any high-tech device.
Because the eye is so complex, defects are bound to occur. It is estimated that as many as 90 percent of us have at least slightly imperfect eyesight. About 60 percent of us need corrective lenses part, if not all of the time. Only a few enjoy perfect vision.
In this first section of Vision 101, we will take a look at the basic anatomy of the eye and how its numerous parts are designed to work together to process light into sight. Then we will examine the most commonly occurring glitches in the system and how they spoil the picture we see.
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What is a contact lens?
Contacts are thin plastic lenses worn between the eye and eyelid that may be used instead of eyeglasses. Actors, models, and others wear them for appearance, and athletes use them for safety and convenience. Contact lenses may also be used to correct certain abnormalities of the eye that cannot be corrected by regular glasses. A. E. Fick, a Swiss physician, made the first contact lens in -87. His heavy glass lenses exerted an uncomfortable pressure on the eyeball, covered the entire eye surface, and were difficult to fit. In 1938, the first plastic contact lens was made by Theodore E. Obrig, using a newly discovered methylmethacrylate plastic, known as Plexiglas or Lucite, that could be molded into the proper shape. The major drawback was that a solution placed between the lens and eye had to be changed every few hours, because the wearer's tears could not circulate beneath the lens. In 1950, the corneal contact lens was introduced. It covered only the cornea of the eye, floated on the tears of the wearer, and could be worn all day without difficulty. Recent improvements in contact lenses include flexible lenses that shorten the initial period of adjustment for the lens wearer and porous lenses that do not have to be removed each day. Today, contact lenses that "breathe" have become popular. They allow oxygen to get to the cornea, preventing blurred vision due to the corneal exhaustion syndrome.
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